This verse from Chapter 13 of the Bhagavad Gita outlines the twenty-four fundamental components of the material existence, which encompass both physical and metaphysical aspects. Lord Krishna imparts this profound knowledge to Arjuna, guiding him towards a deeper understanding of the nature of reality and the self. Krishna enumerates the five great elements (mahābhūtāny) that constitute the material world—earth, water, fire, air, and ether. These elements form the basis of all physical existence, providing the substance from which everything in the material realm is composed.

Next, Krishna mentions the aspect of ego (aṅkāro), which refers to the sense of individual identity or self-awareness. Ego arises when the eternal soul identifies itself with the temporary material body, leading to the illusion of separateness from the divine.

Following ego, Krishna mentions intellect (buddhi), which represents the faculty of discernment and decision-making. Buddhi enables individuals to discriminate between right and wrong, guiding their actions and choices in life.

Krishna then refers to avyakta (unmanifested nature), which denotes the primordial state of undifferentiated energy or prakriti before it manifests into the material world. Avyakta represents the latent potentiality from which all creation emerges.

Subsequently, Krishna lists the ten senses (indriyāṇi), which include the five cognitive senses (sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell) and the five active senses (speech, grasp, locomotion, evacuation, and procreation). These senses facilitate perception and action in the physical realm.

Additionally, Krishna mentions the mind (manas), which serves as the seat of thoughts, emotions, and desires. The mind plays a crucial role in shaping individual perceptions and experiences.

Furthermore, Krishna includes the five sense objects (pañca cendriyagocharāḥ), which are the external stimuli that the senses perceive—form, taste, smell, sound, and touch. These objects interact with the senses, giving rise to sensory experiences.

Finally, Krishna lists four aspects of the mind—desire, hatred, pleasure, and pain—and two aspects of consciousness—physical body and resolve. These components encompass the range of human experiences and emotions, shaping individual behaviour and perceptions.

In essence, this verse provides a comprehensive overview of the components that constitute the material existence, highlighting the intricate interplay between the physical and metaphysical dimensions of reality. It serves as a foundation for understanding the complexities of the human experience and the nature of the self within the cosmic order.