In this verse, Krishna talks about the influence of the three gunas (modes of material nature) - sattva (goodness), rajas (passion), and tamas (ignorance) - on human behaviour and consciousness. He elucidates how each guna manifests in individual tendencies and actions, leading to specific consequences in life. HE begins by explaining the effect of sattva or goodness on human behaviour. He states that sattva binds one to attachment to happiness (sukhe sañjayati). When influenced by sattva, individuals tend to seek happiness through virtuous actions and righteous living. They are drawn towards activities that promote inner peace, harmony, and spiritual growth. However, despite its positive aspects, attachment to happiness can also become a binding force, keeping individuals attached to the material world and preventing them from transcending mundane desires.

Next, Krishna discusses the influence of rajas or passion on human actions. He explains that rajas bind one to action (karmaṇi bhārata). Under the influence of rajas, individuals are driven by desires, ambitions, and the pursuit of worldly success. They engage in various activities with fervour and energy, seeking satisfaction and accomplishment in external achievements. However, excessive attachment to action and its fruits can lead to restlessness, anxiety, and bondage, as individuals become entangled in the cycle of desire and gratification.

Finally, Krishna addresses the influence of tamas or ignorance on human consciousness. He explains that tamas covers up knowledge (jñānamāvṛtya) and binds one to heedlessness (pramāde sañjayati). When enveloped in tamas, individuals remain oblivious to spiritual truths and higher realities. They succumb to laziness, delusion, and lethargy, neglecting their spiritual evolution and succumbing to worldly distractions. Ignorance breeds inertia and apathy, hindering individuals from recognizing their true identity as spiritual beings and fulfilling their ultimate purpose in life.

Through this verse, Krishna highlights the profound impact of the gunas on human behaviour and consciousness. He emphasizes the need for self-awareness and discernment in navigating the influence of the three modes of material nature. By understanding the nature of sattva, rajas, and tamas, individuals can cultivate virtues, overcome limitations, and progress on the path of spiritual evolution towards self-realization and liberation.