Every action is comprised of five essential components: the basis or foundation (adhisthana), the doer (karta), various kinds of instruments (karana), different kinds of activities (cheshta), and ultimately the divine (daivam).

Krishna's explanation provides profound insights into the dynamics of action and its underlying principles. He describes the foundational aspects that contribute to the manifestation and execution of any deed, emphasizing the multifaceted nature of human activity.

The term "adhisthana" refers to the underlying substratum or foundation upon which an action is performed. It represents the basis or support from which all actions originate and unfold. Without a solid foundation, actions lack stability and coherence.

Next, Krishna mentions the "karta," the doer or agent who initiates and executes the action. The doer is responsible for making choices and taking proactive steps towards the fulfilment of desired goals.

Furthermore, Krishna highlights the importance of various kinds of instruments (karana) that facilitate the execution of actions. These instruments encompass the physical, mental, and intellectual faculties employed in the process of action, including the body, mind, senses, and tools or implements.

Krishna also acknowledges the diverse nature of human activities (cheshta), which encompass a wide range of actions performed in various contexts and circumstances. These activities may include physical exertion, mental effort, communication, creativity, and other forms of engagement with the external world.

Lastly, Krishna refers to the divine (daivam) as the ultimate factor influencing human actions. The divine aspect represents the unseen forces of destiny, providence, and cosmic order that govern the outcomes of actions beyond human control. It underscores the importance of surrendering to divine will and acknowledging the role of higher powers in shaping the course of human life.

In essence, this verse elucidates the intricate interplay of factors involved in the performance of actions. It emphasizes the holistic perspective of action, highlighting the multifaceted nature of human endeavour and the underlying principles governing the universe. By understanding the five factors of action, individuals can gain clarity and insight into the dynamics of karma and cultivate a balanced approach towards life's challenges and opportunities.