Actions undertaken out of delusion, without understanding the consequences or considering one's capability to execute them, are categorized as tamasic. While actions in the mode of goodness are characterized by wisdom, discernment, and selflessness, and those in the mode of passion are marked by desire, attachment, and ambition, actions in the mode of ignorance lack clarity, purpose, and foresight.

Krishna describes tamasic actions as those undertaken without proper understanding of their implications or consequences. Individuals acting in the mode of ignorance are driven by delusion and lack awareness of the reality of the situation. They fail to consider the potential outcomes, losses, or injuries that may result from their actions.

Furthermore, Krishna highlights that tamasic actions are performed without considering one's ability to execute them. Such individuals engage in tasks beyond their capacity or expertise, leading to inefficiency, incompetence, and ultimately failure. Their actions lack skill, preparation, and foresight, resulting in chaos, disorder, and harm.

The term "atattvarthavadalpam" refers to actions lacking in purpose, meaning, or significance. Tamasic actions are characterized by superficiality, frivolity, and insignificance, devoid of any substantial value or benefit. Individuals acting in the mode of ignorance fail to discern the true purpose or significance of their actions, leading to aimless wandering and futile endeavours.

Krishna's teachings in this verse serve as a cautionary reminder of the pitfalls of ignorance and delusion in human action. He encourages Arjuna to cultivate self-awareness, discernment, and foresight in all his undertakings, ensuring that his actions are aligned with dharma (righteousness) and conducive to his spiritual growth and well-being.

In essence, this verse underscores the importance of clarity, wisdom, and self-awareness in human action. It urges individuals to transcend the mode of ignorance and strive for actions that are imbued with purpose, foresight, and ethical considerations. Through mindful and conscientious action, one can overcome the obstacles of ignorance and delusion and progress towards enlightenment and self-realization.