The three modes of material nature (guna) influence the entire universe and they obscure the understanding of His transcendental nature.

Krishna begins by stating that the entire universe, including all living beings and material manifestations, is comprised of or influenced by the three gunas – sattva (goodness), rajas (passion), and tamas (ignorance). These gunas are the fundamental qualities or attributes of material nature and are responsible for shaping the characteristics, behavior, and experiences of all beings.

The word "bhāvair" refers to the states or conditions created by these gunas, indicating that everything in the material world is under their influence. Whether it is sentient beings like humans or insentient entities like plants and rocks, all are subject to the effects of these gunas, which govern various aspects of existence such as thoughts, emotions, actions, and the natural order.

Krishna then reveals that despite being the Supreme Being, beyond the material realm, many people fail to recognize Him due to being deluded or bewildered (mohitam) by the influence of these gunas. The inherent qualities of material nature, characterized by change, impermanence, and duality, create a veil of ignorance that obscures the understanding of Krishna's true nature, which is transcendental, immutable, and eternal.

The phrase "māmēbhyaḥ paramavyayam" emphasizes Krishna's divine nature as the Supreme, imperishable, and eternal reality beyond the material modes. Despite the transient and fluctuating nature of the material world governed by the gunas, Krishna's essential nature remains unaffected and transcendentally situated beyond the realm of change and decay.

This verse underscores the limitations of material existence and highlights the importance of transcending the influence of the gunas to attain a deeper understanding of Krishna's eternal, spiritual nature. It encourages seekers to rise above the material modes by cultivating spiritual knowledge, wisdom, and devotion to recognize and realize the eternal essence of the Supreme Being, which lies beyond the ephemeral manifestations of the material world.