William Graham Sumner, an American sociologist and political economist, is recognized for his pioneering work in social Darwinism and laissez-faire capitalism. His influential essays, including "What Social Classes Owe to Each Other," defended individualism and criticized government intervention in economic affairs. Sumner's ideas continue to inform debates on social policy and economic theory.

"Joint-stock companies are yet in their infancy, and incorporated capital, instead of being a thing which can be overturned, is a thing which is becoming more and more indispensable."



"If you ever live in a country run by a committee, be on the committee."



"We are to see the development of the country pushed forward at an unprecedented rate by an aggregation of capital, and a systematic application of it under the direction of competent men."



"Undoubtedly there are, in connection with each of these things, cases of fraud, swindling, and other financial crimes; that is to say, the greed and selfishness of men are perpetual."



"A drunkard in the gutter is just where he ought to be, according to the fitness and tendency of things. Nature has set upon him the process of decline and dissolution by which she removes things which have survived their usefulness."



"The great hinderance to the development of this continent has lain in the lack of capital."


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"The waste of capital, in proportion to the total capital, in this country between 1800 and 1850, in the attempts which were made to establish means of communication and transportation, was enormous."



"It is remarkable that jealousy of individual property in land often goes along with very exaggerated doctrines of tribal or national property in land."



"There is every indication that we are to see new developments of the power of aggregated capital to serve civilization, and that the new developments will be made right here in America."


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"Any one who believes that any great enterprise of an industrial character can be started without labor must have little experience of life."

